![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png){kind=small}
healthy_backСодержание: https://healthy-back.livejournal.com/436663.html#Cont (https://healthy-back.dreamwidth.org/424733.html#Cont)
Старый пост: https://healthy-back.livejournal.com/466461.html (https://healthy-back.dreamwidth.org/453106.html)
Большой список ссылок на исследования от Карин. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XQon_MQLGnAZSVQ_dPw0aQPfvblGHFvk/edit?fbclid=IwY2xjawM2yhpleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHnsJ1gEivrc03yKU04Bi_lkQkAMU5iGhkCmGvcWC72ZcGje9QrKVeO-Qhuqp_aem_wZIAu1RizxztEdzh49iVew&tab=t.0 (https://disk.yandex.ru/i/okB7s7Nio60m3A)
MSE Asymmetry & Effects of Cranial Asymmetry and Malocclusion on Vision & Posture — Sources
Karin Badt
University of Paris VIII
Table of Contents
1. MSE Asymmetry
2. Jaw Asymmetry → Spine, Posture, Balance & Gait
3. Malocclusion → Spine, Posture, Balance & Gait
4. Jaw Asymmetry ↔ Vision
5. Malocclusion → Vision
6. Tongue Position → Effect on Posture and Balance
7. Diagnosing Asymmetry
1) MSE Asymmetry
1. Abedini, S.; Elkenawy, I.; Kim, E.; Moon, W. (2018). Three-dimensional soft-tissue analysis of the face following MSE. Progress in Orthodontics 19:46.
3D stereophotogrammetry demonstrates cheek/paranasal and upper-lip changes after MSE; side-to-side differences can persist, i.e., soft-tissue asymmetry may mirror skeletal split.
🔗 https://progressinorthodontics.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40510-018-0243-z
2. Almaqrami, B.S., et al. (2022). Three-dimensional assessment of asymmetric mid-palatal expansion with micro-implant RPE. Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research 25(2).
Frequent asymmetric mid-palatal opening with MARPE; initial mid-palatal suture offset predicts greater asymmetry (47% of cases have significant asymmetry >1mm).
🔗 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ocr.12531
3. Almaqrami, B.S., et al. (2022). Three-dimensional assessment of asymmetric MARPE expansion. Cranio. Companion/related report emphasizing asymmetry prevalence and clinical correlates in MARPE cohorts.
4. Cantarella, D. (2017). Skeletal effects induced by Maxillary Skeletal Expander (MSE) and Hyrax appliance in the midface. UCLA Master’s thesis.
Bones expanded by MSE: maxilla, nasal bones, frontal bones, zygomas. Interorbit medial distance increases circa 1 mm. Left–right expansion asymmetry in 73% of cases.
(Symmetrical split in only circa 27% of cases); ANS halves can move by different amounts. Custom measurements must be used to assess the asymmetries.
🔗 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54w974nd
🔗 https://www.cantarellaodontoiatria.it/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Cantarella-2017-Master-Thesis-UCLA.pdf
5. Cantarella, D., et al. (2017). Changes in the midpalatal and pterygopalatine sutures induced by MSE (3D CBCT). Progress in Orthodontics 18:34.
Parallel sagittal mid-palatal opening with MSE; variable transverse asymmetry; pterygopalatine suture can open.
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29090368/
🔗 https://progressinorthodontics.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40510-017-0188-7
6. Labunet, A., et al. (2024). MARPE—scoping review of influencing factors, side-effects & soft-tissue changes. Biomedicines 12(11):2438.
Scoping review (≈75 studies): MARPE effective into early 20s; compiles asymmetry and soft-tissue outcomes; notes technique/design factors.
🔗 https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2438
7. Lee et al., 2022 (Applied Sci) – CBCT evaluation after MSE documented changes in nasal septal deviation and related nasofacial structures following skeletal expansion.
MDPI
8. Sicca, N., et al. (2025). MARPE vs SARPE side-effects—scoping review. Dentistry Journal 13(2):47.
Compares MARPE/SARPE side-effects; asymmetric expansion appears across modalities; age/protocol influence risk.
🔗 https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/13/2/47
9. Ting, R. Post for MSE provider, re predictable osseous changes with MSE asymmetry.
“The signs and symptoms of asymmetrical expansion (TAES) include patients presenting with an up and down step at the incisal edge of the Centrals, one side of the maxilla lowered then the other, worsening of occlusal cant, lip cant, one side, eye level dropping and unilateral facial drooping.
CBCT finding: separation of frontal maxillary suture on one side and and uneven floor of the maxilla at the separated suture.” Surgical repair necessary if the asymmetry is significant.
🔗 https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1k6I_ILyIcInM9qSe_bQJ2RH7yXkbPPkH?usp=sharing
10. Yoon, A., et al. (2022). Retrospective analysis of complications with MARPE. AJO-DO Clinical Companion.
Asymmetric expansion frequently observed after palatal split; most sequelae manageable orthodontically; severe events such as hearing loss more challenging.
🔗 https://www.ajodo-clinicalcompanion.com/article/S2949-7612(22)00197-6/fulltext
11. Yoon, Audrey (2022). AAO lecture: “Don’t Make the Same Mistake I Did: MARPE Complication.”
Key notes: Reports ANS asymmetry > 1 mm ≈ 50%, > 2 mm ≈ 27%; cases (from unilateral nasal-maxillary opening).
🔗 https://education.aaoinfo.org/sessions/11607/view
🔗 https://orthoinsummary.com/what-goes-wrong-with-marpe-audrey-yoon/
2) Jaw Asymmetry → Spine, Posture, Balance & Gait
1. Fujimoto, M., et al. (2001). J Med Dent Sci 48:131–136.
Experimentally altering mandibular position modifies gait rhythm/stability (stomatognathic–postural coupling).
2. Ishizaki, K., et al. (2010). AJODO 137:454.e1–9.
Mandibular lateral displacement associates with facial asymmetry, midline discrepancy, crossbite, and functional condylar shift patterns.
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20362898/
3. Milani, R.S., et al. (2000). Cranio.
With the Fukuda stepping test, jaw position changes (MORA) alter walking-in-place deviation, implying vestibulo-postural modulation by occlusion.
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11202823/
4. Wolford, L. Chapter 82 - Mandibular Asymmetry: Temporomandibular Joint Degeneration, Editor(s): Shahrokh C. Bagheri, R. Bryan Bell, Husain Ali Khan,
Current Therapy In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, W.B. Saunders, 2012, Pages 696-725, ISBN9781416025276,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4160-2527-6.00082-7.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781416025276000827). Mandibular Asymmetry as a cause or consequence of TMJ disorder.
5. Zhou, S., et al. (2013). PLoS ONE 8:e65185.
Mandibular deviation correlates with trunk imbalance/scoliotic parameters.
🔗 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0065185
3) Malocclusion → Spine, Posture, Balance & Gait
1. Nakashima, A.; Yamada, T.; Nakano, H.; Sugiyama, G.; Sugi, T.; Kamata, Y.; Sumida, T.; Mori, Y. (2018).
Jaw asymmetry may cause bad posture of the head and the spine.
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology 30(3):242–246.
2. Nowak, M., et al. (2023). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20(3):2716.
In adolescents, malocclusion types/severity associate with postural control changes and plantar-pressure shifts.
🔗 https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/3/2716
3. Perinetti, G., et al. (2010). Clinics 65(7):689–695.
Multiple-regression analysis in youth finds statistical associations between malocclusion traits and postural measures (effects modest).
🔗 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2916073/
4. Różańska-Perlińska, D., et al. (2024). J Clin Med 13(5):—.
Systematic review across posture/cervical/gait outcomes: links exist, but heterogeneity limits causal strength; calls for standardized protocols.
🔗 https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/5/1389
5. Silvestrini-Biavati, A., et al. (2010). Clinics 65(7):689–695.
Correlations between specific malocclusion features and postural parameters in young subjects.
🔗 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2916073/
In 45 mandibular-asymmetry patients, lateral mandibular deviation correlated with head inclination; most postural changes improved after orthognathic surgery.
🔗 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoms.2018.01.001
4) Asymmetry ↔ Vision
1. Akbari, M.R., et al. (2015). Journal of Current Ophthalmology 27(1–2):—.
In ocular torticollis, chronic compensatory head posture relates to measurable facial asymmetry.
🔗 https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-current-ophthalmology/vol/27/issue/1
2. Akbari, M.R., et al. (2019). Optometry & Vision Science 96(12):920–924.
Unilateral Duane retraction syndrome associates with facial asymmetry metrics.
🔗 https://journals.lww.com/optvissci/toc/2019/12000
3. Silvestrini-Biavati, A., et al. (2013). BMC Pediatrics 13:12.
Midline deviations co-associate with orthoptic findings (dominance, cover-test, convergence) and postural anomalies.
🔗 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3561080/
4. Wilson, M.E. (1993). J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
Congenital superior oblique palsy often shows facial asymmetry due to long-standing head tilt.
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8274612/
5. Yang, H.K., et al. (2020). Journal of Ophthalmology (Article ID 9476749).
SOP with absent trochlear nerve shows more head tilt and greater facial asymmetry.
🔗 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1155/2020/9476749
5) Malocclusion → Vision
1. Bollero, P., et al. (2017). Oral & Implantology 10(3):289–294.
In growing subjects, malocclusion types correlate with ocular motility and convergence disorders
2. 🔗 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5735397/
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29285332/
3. Grippaudo C, Valerio P, Romeo C, Quinzi V, et al. (2020).
“Bite and Sight: Is There a Correlation? Clinical Association between Dental Malocclusion and Visual Disturbances in Pediatric Patients.” Applied Sciences.2020;10(17):5913. Found higher rates of latent and manifest strabismus in Class II and Class III malocclusions versus controls, and greater strabismus prevalence with cross-bite, supporting
an eye–occlusion–posture link in children.
🔗 Journal page: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/17/5913
🔗 Institutional repository: publicatt.unicatt.it
4. Odontoiatria33 (2006). Le eteroforie nella patogenesi dello squilibrio occluso-posturale.
Overview connecting heterophoria (latent ocular deviation revealed under dissociation) with occluso-postural imbalance.
🔗 https://www.odontoiatria33.it/patologia-orale/3467/le-eteroforie-nella-patogenesi-dello-squilibrio-occluso-posturale.html
5. Silvestrini-Biavati, P. (1999). Correlazioni fra Occlusione, Postura e Visus. Approccio diagnostico (chapter/monograph).
Clinical framework integrating occlusion–posture–vision; cited by later pediatric/orthoptic studies.
🔗 https://www.yumpu.com/it/document/view/15040004/correlazioni-fra-occlusione-postura-e-visus-approccio-diagnostico-
🔗 Also cited within: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/17/5913
6) Tongue Position → Effect on Posture and Balance
1. Alghadir, A.H.; Zafar, H.; Iqbal, Z.A. (2015). Neuroscience Letters 590:24–29.
Tongue-to–upper-incisors posture improves postural stability, especially on unstable surfaces and with eyes closed (reduced CoG velocity).
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26400633/
2. Bordoni, B.; Morabito, B.; Mitrano, R.; Simonelli, M.; Toccafondi, A. (2018). The anatomical relationships of the tongue with the body system. Cureus 10(12):e3695.
Narrative review on systemic links between tongue function and breathing, swallowing, posture, and limb strength.
🔗 https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.3695
3. Castro, H.A.; Resende, L.A.; Bérzin, F.; König, B. (1999). Electromyographic analysis of the superior belly of the omohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric in tongue and head movements. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 9:229–232.
EMG activity in hyoid-related muscles during tongue/head movements supports stomatognathic–cervical coupling.
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10328418
🔗 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1050-6411(98)00033-9
4. di Vico, R.; Ardigò, L.P.; Salernitano, G.; Chamari, K.; Padulo, J. (2014). The acute effect of tongue position in the mouth on knee isokinetic test performance: a pilot study.
Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal 3(4):318–323.
Pilot data suggest intraoral tongue position can modulate lower-limb isokinetic performance.
5. Haberfellner, H.; Kobsa, K.; Rüegg, V. (1981). Wechselwirkungen zwischen Gesamtkörperhaltung, Mund und Gesichtsbereich. II. Polyelektromyographische Untersuchungen [Interactions of general body posture with oral/facial region. II.
Polyelectromyographic investigations]. Padiatr Padol 16(2):215–225.
Early polyelectromyographic evidence that orofacial/tongue activity interacts with
whole-body postural control.
6. Maezawa, H.; Mima, T.; Yazawa, S.; Matsuhashi, M.; Shiraishi, H.; Funahashi, M. (2016).
Cortico-muscular synchronization by proprioceptive afferents from tongue muscles during isometric tongue protrusion. NeuroImage 128:284–292.
Shows cortico-muscular coherence driven by tongue proprioception.
🔗 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.058
7. Saboisky, J.P.; Luu, B.L.; Butler, J.E.; Gandevia, S.C. (2015). Effects of tongue position and lung volume on voluntary maximal tongue protrusion force in humans.
Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 206:61–66.
Tongue force output varies with intraoral posture and lung volume.
🔗 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2014.11.017
8. Valdés, C.; Astaburuaga, F.; Falace, D.; Ramírez, V.; Manns, A. (2014). Effect of tongue position on masseter and temporalis electromyographic activity during swallowing and maximal voluntary clenching: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 41:881–889.
EMG of masseter/temporalis differs with tongue placement during swallowing and clenching.
🔗 https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12210
9. Vuillerme, N., et al. (2007–2009). Neuroscience / Neuroscience Letters.
Series of studies showing tongue-placed tactile biofeedback enhances balance/proprioception (notably with eyes closed).
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17476487/
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17136521/
7) Diagnosing Asymmetry
1. Fonseca, R. (ed.). (2017). Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 3rd ed., Vol. III. Chapter:
“Dentofacial Asymmetries—diagnosis, midline planning, occlusal plane control.”
Recommended sequencing: Establish the true facial/skeletal midline first, using custom measurements. Correct maxillary yaw/roll and level occlusal plane to that midline. Align maxillary dental midline to face; Coordinate mandibular midline.
🔗 ClinicalKey chapter gateway: https://www.clinicalkey.com/dura/browse/bookChapter/3-s2.0-C20141001032
🔗 Elsevier book page:https://shop.elsevier.com/books/oral-and-maxillofacal-surgery/fonseca/978-0-323-4
1499-9
2. Zhu, Y.; Liu, Z. (2022). Symmetry 14(7):1414.
Review of 3D asymmetry analysis (landmarking vs mirroring vs AI); stresses reference-plane choice for valid midline/cant decisions.
🔗 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/7/1414
Старый пост: https://healthy-back.livejournal.com/466461.html (https://healthy-back.dreamwidth.org/453106.html)
Большой список ссылок на исследования от Карин. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XQon_MQLGnAZSVQ_dPw0aQPfvblGHFvk/edit?fbclid=IwY2xjawM2yhpleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHnsJ1gEivrc03yKU04Bi_lkQkAMU5iGhkCmGvcWC72ZcGje9QrKVeO-Qhuqp_aem_wZIAu1RizxztEdzh49iVew&tab=t.0 (https://disk.yandex.ru/i/okB7s7Nio60m3A)
Karin Badt
University of Paris VIII
Table of Contents
1. MSE Asymmetry
2. Jaw Asymmetry → Spine, Posture, Balance & Gait
3. Malocclusion → Spine, Posture, Balance & Gait
4. Jaw Asymmetry ↔ Vision
5. Malocclusion → Vision
6. Tongue Position → Effect on Posture and Balance
7. Diagnosing Asymmetry
1) MSE Asymmetry
1. Abedini, S.; Elkenawy, I.; Kim, E.; Moon, W. (2018). Three-dimensional soft-tissue analysis of the face following MSE. Progress in Orthodontics 19:46.
3D stereophotogrammetry demonstrates cheek/paranasal and upper-lip changes after MSE; side-to-side differences can persist, i.e., soft-tissue asymmetry may mirror skeletal split.
🔗 https://progressinorthodontics.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40510-018-0243-z
2. Almaqrami, B.S., et al. (2022). Three-dimensional assessment of asymmetric mid-palatal expansion with micro-implant RPE. Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research 25(2).
Frequent asymmetric mid-palatal opening with MARPE; initial mid-palatal suture offset predicts greater asymmetry (47% of cases have significant asymmetry >1mm).
🔗 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ocr.12531
3. Almaqrami, B.S., et al. (2022). Three-dimensional assessment of asymmetric MARPE expansion. Cranio. Companion/related report emphasizing asymmetry prevalence and clinical correlates in MARPE cohorts.
4. Cantarella, D. (2017). Skeletal effects induced by Maxillary Skeletal Expander (MSE) and Hyrax appliance in the midface. UCLA Master’s thesis.
Bones expanded by MSE: maxilla, nasal bones, frontal bones, zygomas. Interorbit medial distance increases circa 1 mm. Left–right expansion asymmetry in 73% of cases.
(Symmetrical split in only circa 27% of cases); ANS halves can move by different amounts. Custom measurements must be used to assess the asymmetries.
🔗 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54w974nd
🔗 https://www.cantarellaodontoiatria.it/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Cantarella-2017-Master-Thesis-UCLA.pdf
5. Cantarella, D., et al. (2017). Changes in the midpalatal and pterygopalatine sutures induced by MSE (3D CBCT). Progress in Orthodontics 18:34.
Parallel sagittal mid-palatal opening with MSE; variable transverse asymmetry; pterygopalatine suture can open.
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29090368/
🔗 https://progressinorthodontics.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40510-017-0188-7
6. Labunet, A., et al. (2024). MARPE—scoping review of influencing factors, side-effects & soft-tissue changes. Biomedicines 12(11):2438.
Scoping review (≈75 studies): MARPE effective into early 20s; compiles asymmetry and soft-tissue outcomes; notes technique/design factors.
🔗 https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2438
7. Lee et al., 2022 (Applied Sci) – CBCT evaluation after MSE documented changes in nasal septal deviation and related nasofacial structures following skeletal expansion.
MDPI
8. Sicca, N., et al. (2025). MARPE vs SARPE side-effects—scoping review. Dentistry Journal 13(2):47.
Compares MARPE/SARPE side-effects; asymmetric expansion appears across modalities; age/protocol influence risk.
🔗 https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/13/2/47
9. Ting, R. Post for MSE provider, re predictable osseous changes with MSE asymmetry.
“The signs and symptoms of asymmetrical expansion (TAES) include patients presenting with an up and down step at the incisal edge of the Centrals, one side of the maxilla lowered then the other, worsening of occlusal cant, lip cant, one side, eye level dropping and unilateral facial drooping.
CBCT finding: separation of frontal maxillary suture on one side and and uneven floor of the maxilla at the separated suture.” Surgical repair necessary if the asymmetry is significant.
🔗 https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1k6I_ILyIcInM9qSe_bQJ2RH7yXkbPPkH?usp=sharing
10. Yoon, A., et al. (2022). Retrospective analysis of complications with MARPE. AJO-DO Clinical Companion.
Asymmetric expansion frequently observed after palatal split; most sequelae manageable orthodontically; severe events such as hearing loss more challenging.
🔗 https://www.ajodo-clinicalcompanion.com/article/S2949-7612(22)00197-6/fulltext
11. Yoon, Audrey (2022). AAO lecture: “Don’t Make the Same Mistake I Did: MARPE Complication.”
Key notes: Reports ANS asymmetry > 1 mm ≈ 50%, > 2 mm ≈ 27%; cases (from unilateral nasal-maxillary opening).
🔗 https://education.aaoinfo.org/sessions/11607/view
🔗 https://orthoinsummary.com/what-goes-wrong-with-marpe-audrey-yoon/
2) Jaw Asymmetry → Spine, Posture, Balance & Gait
1. Fujimoto, M., et al. (2001). J Med Dent Sci 48:131–136.
Experimentally altering mandibular position modifies gait rhythm/stability (stomatognathic–postural coupling).
2. Ishizaki, K., et al. (2010). AJODO 137:454.e1–9.
Mandibular lateral displacement associates with facial asymmetry, midline discrepancy, crossbite, and functional condylar shift patterns.
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20362898/
3. Milani, R.S., et al. (2000). Cranio.
With the Fukuda stepping test, jaw position changes (MORA) alter walking-in-place deviation, implying vestibulo-postural modulation by occlusion.
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11202823/
4. Wolford, L. Chapter 82 - Mandibular Asymmetry: Temporomandibular Joint Degeneration, Editor(s): Shahrokh C. Bagheri, R. Bryan Bell, Husain Ali Khan,
Current Therapy In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, W.B. Saunders, 2012, Pages 696-725, ISBN9781416025276,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4160-2527-6.00082-7.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781416025276000827). Mandibular Asymmetry as a cause or consequence of TMJ disorder.
5. Zhou, S., et al. (2013). PLoS ONE 8:e65185.
Mandibular deviation correlates with trunk imbalance/scoliotic parameters.
🔗 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0065185
3) Malocclusion → Spine, Posture, Balance & Gait
1. Nakashima, A.; Yamada, T.; Nakano, H.; Sugiyama, G.; Sugi, T.; Kamata, Y.; Sumida, T.; Mori, Y. (2018).
Jaw asymmetry may cause bad posture of the head and the spine.
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology 30(3):242–246.
2. Nowak, M., et al. (2023). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20(3):2716.
In adolescents, malocclusion types/severity associate with postural control changes and plantar-pressure shifts.
🔗 https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/3/2716
3. Perinetti, G., et al. (2010). Clinics 65(7):689–695.
Multiple-regression analysis in youth finds statistical associations between malocclusion traits and postural measures (effects modest).
🔗 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2916073/
4. Różańska-Perlińska, D., et al. (2024). J Clin Med 13(5):—.
Systematic review across posture/cervical/gait outcomes: links exist, but heterogeneity limits causal strength; calls for standardized protocols.
🔗 https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/5/1389
5. Silvestrini-Biavati, A., et al. (2010). Clinics 65(7):689–695.
Correlations between specific malocclusion features and postural parameters in young subjects.
🔗 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2916073/
In 45 mandibular-asymmetry patients, lateral mandibular deviation correlated with head inclination; most postural changes improved after orthognathic surgery.
🔗 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajoms.2018.01.001
4) Asymmetry ↔ Vision
1. Akbari, M.R., et al. (2015). Journal of Current Ophthalmology 27(1–2):—.
In ocular torticollis, chronic compensatory head posture relates to measurable facial asymmetry.
🔗 https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-current-ophthalmology/vol/27/issue/1
2. Akbari, M.R., et al. (2019). Optometry & Vision Science 96(12):920–924.
Unilateral Duane retraction syndrome associates with facial asymmetry metrics.
🔗 https://journals.lww.com/optvissci/toc/2019/12000
3. Silvestrini-Biavati, A., et al. (2013). BMC Pediatrics 13:12.
Midline deviations co-associate with orthoptic findings (dominance, cover-test, convergence) and postural anomalies.
🔗 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3561080/
4. Wilson, M.E. (1993). J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
Congenital superior oblique palsy often shows facial asymmetry due to long-standing head tilt.
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8274612/
5. Yang, H.K., et al. (2020). Journal of Ophthalmology (Article ID 9476749).
SOP with absent trochlear nerve shows more head tilt and greater facial asymmetry.
🔗 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1155/2020/9476749
5) Malocclusion → Vision
1. Bollero, P., et al. (2017). Oral & Implantology 10(3):289–294.
In growing subjects, malocclusion types correlate with ocular motility and convergence disorders
2. 🔗 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5735397/
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29285332/
3. Grippaudo C, Valerio P, Romeo C, Quinzi V, et al. (2020).
“Bite and Sight: Is There a Correlation? Clinical Association between Dental Malocclusion and Visual Disturbances in Pediatric Patients.” Applied Sciences.2020;10(17):5913. Found higher rates of latent and manifest strabismus in Class II and Class III malocclusions versus controls, and greater strabismus prevalence with cross-bite, supporting
an eye–occlusion–posture link in children.
🔗 Journal page: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/17/5913
🔗 Institutional repository: publicatt.unicatt.it
4. Odontoiatria33 (2006). Le eteroforie nella patogenesi dello squilibrio occluso-posturale.
Overview connecting heterophoria (latent ocular deviation revealed under dissociation) with occluso-postural imbalance.
🔗 https://www.odontoiatria33.it/patologia-orale/3467/le-eteroforie-nella-patogenesi-dello-squilibrio-occluso-posturale.html
5. Silvestrini-Biavati, P. (1999). Correlazioni fra Occlusione, Postura e Visus. Approccio diagnostico (chapter/monograph).
Clinical framework integrating occlusion–posture–vision; cited by later pediatric/orthoptic studies.
🔗 https://www.yumpu.com/it/document/view/15040004/correlazioni-fra-occlusione-postura-e-visus-approccio-diagnostico-
🔗 Also cited within: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/17/5913
6) Tongue Position → Effect on Posture and Balance
1. Alghadir, A.H.; Zafar, H.; Iqbal, Z.A. (2015). Neuroscience Letters 590:24–29.
Tongue-to–upper-incisors posture improves postural stability, especially on unstable surfaces and with eyes closed (reduced CoG velocity).
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26400633/
2. Bordoni, B.; Morabito, B.; Mitrano, R.; Simonelli, M.; Toccafondi, A. (2018). The anatomical relationships of the tongue with the body system. Cureus 10(12):e3695.
Narrative review on systemic links between tongue function and breathing, swallowing, posture, and limb strength.
🔗 https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.3695
3. Castro, H.A.; Resende, L.A.; Bérzin, F.; König, B. (1999). Electromyographic analysis of the superior belly of the omohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric in tongue and head movements. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 9:229–232.
EMG activity in hyoid-related muscles during tongue/head movements supports stomatognathic–cervical coupling.
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10328418
🔗 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1050-6411(98)00033-9
4. di Vico, R.; Ardigò, L.P.; Salernitano, G.; Chamari, K.; Padulo, J. (2014). The acute effect of tongue position in the mouth on knee isokinetic test performance: a pilot study.
Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal 3(4):318–323.
Pilot data suggest intraoral tongue position can modulate lower-limb isokinetic performance.
5. Haberfellner, H.; Kobsa, K.; Rüegg, V. (1981). Wechselwirkungen zwischen Gesamtkörperhaltung, Mund und Gesichtsbereich. II. Polyelektromyographische Untersuchungen [Interactions of general body posture with oral/facial region. II.
Polyelectromyographic investigations]. Padiatr Padol 16(2):215–225.
Early polyelectromyographic evidence that orofacial/tongue activity interacts with
whole-body postural control.
6. Maezawa, H.; Mima, T.; Yazawa, S.; Matsuhashi, M.; Shiraishi, H.; Funahashi, M. (2016).
Cortico-muscular synchronization by proprioceptive afferents from tongue muscles during isometric tongue protrusion. NeuroImage 128:284–292.
Shows cortico-muscular coherence driven by tongue proprioception.
🔗 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.058
7. Saboisky, J.P.; Luu, B.L.; Butler, J.E.; Gandevia, S.C. (2015). Effects of tongue position and lung volume on voluntary maximal tongue protrusion force in humans.
Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 206:61–66.
Tongue force output varies with intraoral posture and lung volume.
🔗 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2014.11.017
8. Valdés, C.; Astaburuaga, F.; Falace, D.; Ramírez, V.; Manns, A. (2014). Effect of tongue position on masseter and temporalis electromyographic activity during swallowing and maximal voluntary clenching: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 41:881–889.
EMG of masseter/temporalis differs with tongue placement during swallowing and clenching.
🔗 https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12210
9. Vuillerme, N., et al. (2007–2009). Neuroscience / Neuroscience Letters.
Series of studies showing tongue-placed tactile biofeedback enhances balance/proprioception (notably with eyes closed).
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17476487/
🔗 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17136521/
7) Diagnosing Asymmetry
1. Fonseca, R. (ed.). (2017). Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 3rd ed., Vol. III. Chapter:
“Dentofacial Asymmetries—diagnosis, midline planning, occlusal plane control.”
Recommended sequencing: Establish the true facial/skeletal midline first, using custom measurements. Correct maxillary yaw/roll and level occlusal plane to that midline. Align maxillary dental midline to face; Coordinate mandibular midline.
🔗 ClinicalKey chapter gateway: https://www.clinicalkey.com/dura/browse/bookChapter/3-s2.0-C20141001032
🔗 Elsevier book page:https://shop.elsevier.com/books/oral-and-maxillofacal-surgery/fonseca/978-0-323-4
1499-9
2. Zhu, Y.; Liu, Z. (2022). Symmetry 14(7):1414.
Review of 3D asymmetry analysis (landmarking vs mirroring vs AI); stresses reference-plane choice for valid midline/cant decisions.
🔗 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/7/1414